Bible Study: Ashdod (Azotus) - A Philistine Stronghold and Point of Contact
Introduction:
Ashdod, also known as Azotus in the New Testament, was a major city of the Philistines, playing a significant role in the Old Testament narratives. This study will explore the biblical references to Ashdod, examining its historical context, its role as a Philistine stronghold, and its later appearance in the New Testament.
I. Scriptural References to Ashdod:
• Joshua 11:22:
◦ "There were none of the Anakim left in the land of the people of Israel. only in Gaza, in Gath, and in Ashdod did some remain."
◦ This passage indicates Ashdod's early presence and strength, even during the Israelite conquest.
• 1 Samuel 5:1; 6:17:
◦ "When the Philistines captured the ark of God, they brought it from Ebenezer to Ashdod."
◦ "And these are the golden tumors, which the Philistines returned for a trespass offering unto the Lord; for Ashdod one, for Gaza one, for Askelon one, for Gath one, for Ekron one."
◦ These verses describe the Philistines' placement of the Ark of the Covenant in Ashdod, and the subsequent plague that affected the city, showcasing Ashdod as a major Philistine city.
• 2 Chronicles 26:6:
◦ "He went to war against the Philistines and broke through the wall of Gath, the wall of Jabneh, and the wall of Ashdod, and he built cities in the territory of Ashdod and elsewhere among the Philistines."
◦ This passage recounts King Uzziah's conquest of Ashdod, illustrating periods of Israelite control.
• Nehemiah 4:7:
◦ "But when Sanballat and Tobiah and the Arabs and the Ammonites and the Ashdodites heard that the repairing of the walls of Jerusalem was going forward and that the breaches were beginning to be closed, they were very angry."
◦ This verse highlights the Ashdodites' opposition to the rebuilding of Jerusalem's walls, demonstrating their continued hostility towards Israel.
• Nehemiah 13:23:
◦ "In those days also I saw Jews who had married women of Ashdod, Ammon, and Moab."
◦ This passage reveals the problem of intermarriage between Jews and Ashdodite women, leading to religious and cultural compromise.
• Jeremiah 25:20:
◦ "and all the mixed tribes, all the kings of the land of Uz, all the kings of the land of the Philistines (Ashkelon, Gaza, Ekron, and what remains of Ashdod)."
◦ Jeremiah includes Ashdod among the nations that would face God's judgment.
• Amos 1:8:
◦ "I will cut off the ruler of Ashdod and the one who holds the scepter in Ashkelon. I will turn my hand against Ekron, till the last of the Philistines perish,” says the Sovereign Lord."
◦ Amos pronounces judgment against Ashdod, reflecting God's justice.
• Zephaniah 2:4:
◦ "Gaza will be abandoned and Ashkelon left in ruins. They will drive out the people of Ashdod at midday, and Ekron will be uprooted."
◦ Zephaniah prophesies Ashdod's destruction.
• Acts 8:40:
◦ "But Philip found himself at Azotus, and as he passed through he preached the gospel to all the towns until he came to Caesarea."
◦ This verse marks Ashdod's appearance in the New Testament, under its Greek name Azotus, where Philip preached the gospel.
II. Related Passages and Themes:
• Isaiah 20:1:
◦ This passage speaks of Ashdod, and its capture by Sargon king of Assyria.
• Amos 3:9:
◦ This passage mentions the palaces of Ashdod.
• Zechariah 9:6:
◦ This passage mentions the mixed population of Ashdod.
• Philistine Stronghold: Ashdod was a major Philistine city, representing their power and opposition to Israel.
• Divine Judgment: The prophets pronounced judgment against Ashdod for its wickedness.
• Cultural Contact: The narrative in Nehemiah highlights the dangers of cultural assimilation and intermarriage.
• Gospel Proclamation: In the New Testament, Ashdod becomes a point of contact for the spread of the gospel.
III. Application and Discussion:
• How does the history of Ashdod illustrate the ongoing conflict between Israel and the Philistines?
• What does the prophetic judgment against Ashdod reveal about God's justice and sovereignty?
• How does the account in Nehemiah highlight the dangers of cultural compromise?
• What is the significance of Ashdod's appearance in the New Testament as a place where the gospel was preached?
• How can we apply the lessons learned from Ashdod's history to our lives today, particularly regarding cultural influences and faithfulness to God?
• How does the transition of the city from old testament enemy, to a city where the gospel is preached, show the power of God?
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Conclusion:
Ashdod, a prominent Philistine city, plays a significant role in the Old Testament narrative, symbolizing opposition to Israel and facing prophetic judgment. Its appearance in the New Testament as a place where the gospel was preached marks a significant transition, highlighting the transformative power of God's grace. Studying Ashdod provides valuable insights into the historical, cultural, and theological context of the Bible.